Popularity Towards TV Reality Shows

Popularity Towards TV Reality Shows This is my assignment of Academic English. That was included two question which is discuss about constant rise on the popularity of TV reality shows and give my views on the shows. I feel this assignment so challenging, especially question 2 is interested in me. Question 2 is want me to explain about success is due to ones hard work or inspiration. Definition of hard work is intention to do everything, as long as you are 100% mind into a good thing to do is the best. Definition of inspiration is a grabbing of methods or things of thought. I will choose success is due to ones hard work and I will relate it. This assignment answer resources from website and some answer I have discuss with my classmate. Reality Shows Reality television shows have been around for a long time. It has changed the media landscape drastically since the turn of the millennium. Owing to its interactive nature, reality television shows has become a highly marketable advertising vehicle. Real life, unscripted TV shows bring drama, comedy, or romance into peoples homes. In view of reality television shows rising popularity and potential in marketing, the influence of these programs is of public interest. When the television program shows debuted in the summer of 2000 in North America, the reality television became very popular. Subsequently, many new reality television shows have been launched everywhere. The rise in the popularity of reality television shows at the present time can be considered as phenomenal in the world media landscape. Many reality television shows have created the history in terms of peoples participation and revenue generation. A lot of reality television shows are popularity like American idol or Fear factor and others. I like to watch the reality television shows is Fear factor. Fear factor is a show of challenges limit and looking for stimulus. Many people or actors also will go take part the show and test their level of daring. After finish the game, the winner can win some money. This show also attracts me because it is so stimulus. I will watch this show every weekend. Reality television in form and content provides the user with programming that seems to be both engaging as well as entertaining. So what does reality television offer its viewers? Is it even content thats worth watching? While viewing reality television shows we do not see the real picture but rather see what the producers see as the real. Since the producers are the ones that set the story for the shows, the actors or rather participants have little or no say in the final outcome thats broadcast. This is controversial of the shows, sometimes they just want to order to capture a mass audience in hopes for major advertisement spo nsors. Most of this show is built around the idea of cheap production and high profits rather than entertainment. If a production companies creates a show with the explicit intention of trying to make money from the humiliation and suffering which they themselves create for unsuspecting people, then that seems to me to be immoral and unconscionable. Television shows such as Talk Shows, that are watched by me frequently have persuaded me in making many of my judgments. I come across at least six or seven Talk Shows within an hour. Talk Shows in the world of television, have undoubtedly taken up almost every inch of space on daytime television, and while doing so have caused much controversy. I am fond of watching reality television shows because I can get some knowledge from the show. We can get some news from the shows. So now, many young people prefer to watch and enjoy reality television shows. Different viewers have different reasons why they do so, and there lays the underlying effects of watching. Watching these reality shows has effects on the viewers and the society in general. It may be positive to some audiences, but it also has many negatively, depends on how one views. Unfortunately, this is also why reality shows have a negative impact on the audience because they think, act, and feel, like the shows stars, and in the process loses their own sense of thinking and real emotions towards certain situations. Reality television shows and their effects on society are also dependent on the viewers desires and motives, they see themselves in these stars and somehow these stars are living their lives through the show. Like power or influence, travel and living, survi val, beauty and satisfaction, revenge and honor, etc. More people are enjoy a certain sense of pleasure and satisfaction when they watch these reality television shows and their effects on society are continuously mirrored in the way they interact with others, deal various situations, and face certain challenges. The one must be keen in absorbs the messages of these shows and everyone must remember that each individual handle scenarios, problems, dilemmas, are differently. What makes it worse than the way it is affects people now is that people get entertained by the sadness, depression, frustration, and emptiness that reality stars feel and experience in the show. Reality television shows have become so ingrained that many people cant have enough reality television news. At the site, it is not only will we have all of the reality television news you want, but we will tell you about reality television casting calls and reality television auditions that are coming up. I simply cannot think of any excuse for such actions pointing out that others are willing to watch such event does not relieve them of the responsibility for having orchestrated the events and willed the reactions in the first place. The mere fact that they want others to experience humiliation, embarrassment, and or suffering is itself unethical; actually going forward with it is even worse. A major boost in self confidence is advantage of reality shows, like someone join the reality television shows, he can learn something from the shows and improve himself on the reality television shows. The overwhelming majority of critics, however, view reality TV as a poison so lethal to TV and the public that it is destroying TV. Austin Cline, an about.com guide, questions the ethics of reality TV and even goes so far as to say much reality television shows is achieve significant popularity but it also says that does not mean that they are good for society or that they should be aired. Is it really damaging to TV and the youth in general? On the contrary, reality TV serves many beneficial purposes to not only the public, but amazingly also the TV industry. It is hard to believe that shows that have paved the way for teens and something to deal with and overcome problems of emotional, physical and psychological natures are labeled as part of the genre that serves no value. Reality television shows are not documentaries. People are not put into situations simply to see how they are react the situations are heavily contrived, they are altered in order to make things of they are interesting and large amounts of footage are heavily edited into what the shows producers think will result in the best entertainment value for viewers. Entertainment, of course, often comes from conflict. Conflict will be created where none exists. If the reality television show cannot incite conflict during the filming, it can be created in how pieces of footage are stitched together. I like Fear factor this reality television shows because it is a stimulating shows. I like this kind of shows and watches someone is test their level of daring. I hope this kind of reality television shows can continue to play. Success is due to ones hard work I required to do the assignment question 2 and choose the one answer success is due to ones hard work or inspiration and relate the answer of I have choose. I will choose the answer of the success is due to ones hard work. Ive read a lot of prescriptions for success, but these days you dont hear much about hard work. Its certainly a factor, but is it really the preeminent qualification for success? I really believe it is. Innovation doesnt happen without hard work. Producing a great product or service doesnt happen without hard work. Real leadership happens in the trenches, not on the golf course. Software doesnt get produced without thousands of hours of hard work. Of course, you have to be smart, you have to have the right strategy, and you have to have a great culture. Every man wants success in life. He may be a farmer working in the fields. He may be a school teacher or an employee in an office and he may be a businessman or a politician. Hard work is an important factor in the success. Someone work to pay their mortgage, put gas in their car, to buy food, to pay for their tax, to pay for their utilities and once in a while for something special like a book or a trip. Someone also work to be able to afford luxuries like this computer and the Internet. Hardworking is more important than inspiration because you never know when the inspiration was coming. If you want to upgrade yourself, only one choice it is hard work. If someone hardworking then he is a half success. Every people hope for success but not every people can be hard work. However, as for thousands of years people in cognitive bias, hard-working gives a lot of psychological pressure. Many people are afraid of hard work, to avoid hard work, refused even to hard-working but some people also not afraid of hardship and fatigue and their endurance are strong. If someone are smart but never hardworking to work also cannot to be success. They are not voluntary, because they believe if can endure hardship then they can to be succeed in the future. People who hard work, often far away from wine, color, money, gas, greatly contribute to the physical and mental health. Hard work busy person, use their energy in learning and their work, there is no time to glance right and left, there is no time for sad and painful, there is no time to calculating others, far fewer troubles and suffering. Hard work not only for fitness, keep fit, it also to medical treatment, disease prevention. Hard work to study and can absorb all kinds of knowledge, so that we can do anything more with less. It has been proven that hard work leads you to success in your life but there are also other factors to be considered. We got many examples of people who are successful in this world. Obama was born in Africa and started his life as a lecturer and become the president of United States as we all know now, and this was possible because he work hard. In other words, if you want to be successful in life you should improve skills like good attitude and better organization skills. Good qualification can help us to be success. We should have a degree from a good university and that will give us a practical experience. Language is also very important. Someone is not good in language. Then also can learn English which will help us to get a better job and we can also learn other languages like Japanese that will give us more chances of getting a better job than others. Interpersonal skill is considered to be very important. We should be able to communicate with friends and family and also with our company workers. In general qualification gives us the basic knowledge we need in our life. It also depends on our hardworking. Then, we should have a good attitude. We should never lose hope and be positive, even if we have a position. You maybe not success now but later in life just like athletes who think he will succeed even after lose the match but succeed later in life. Be confident especially when you are starting a new work. If you have good attitude you have nothing to lose, because it give you a feeling of success. Of course, it also needs us to hard work. Organization skills also a very important point to be successful and without it that we will never be successful. Many employers are looking to hire people who are good at coordinating things like negotiating with others and efficiently managing meetings. Never start something without making a plan, especially when we are starting a new job or planning for our future studies or project. We have nothing to lose, even if we dont work we also can use our organization skills anywhere. Other people think that only hard work will lead to success in our life. However, the overwhelming evidence suggests the contrary, that hard work has nothing to do with success and is actually counterproductive. If hard work is supposed too produce success, then it would stand to reason that everyone who works hard would be successful. But that is far from the case. Most people who work hard never come close to being successful. In fact, most hard workers have a much higher incidence non-success than they have success. Like someone works all their lives cleaning buildings, moping floors, vacuuming carpet and sanitizing washrooms. They dont even get pay rise and have to work more hours. They success because maybe they are hardworking before. There are many reasons people should have these sets of skills like qualification, good attitude and better organization skills. Because we dont want to be left behind from others in our life and by having these sets of skills we have nothing to lose and we must hard work to rush our target. We will be more successful and will have more secure future. Conclusion I am enjoyed the process because two question is very attract for me just like question 2 because the question 2 is relate success is due to ones hard work or inspiration, explore this statement by agreeing the one of success factors stated. Then another question, question 1 is constant rise on the popularity of reality television shows. I already write some point to relate my views on such shows. I also use Fear Factor this reality television shows to be my example. This assignment let me benefited greatly, I very enjoy to do this assignment although I feel difficult before start the question but I can also settle the problem myself. I feel satisfaction to my assignment.

Small capital in Philippines Essay

This chapter consists of brief summary of articles, findings of the study that are related to the present study. It contains foreign and local literature, foreign and local studies. Local Literature According to Mishell M. Malabaguio of entrepreneur magazine Philippines, Small capital, easy set-up and a good chance of success are just some of the reason why Food Cart Business is thriving in the Philippines. If you will look at the market trend today, Food cart business is the choice of most aspiring entrepreneurs. A mobile food cart is a business where you can start on low capital ranging from P30,000 to a maximum of P300,000. But it could be a little lower though, depending on how you will put it up — by franchise or on your own. Some companies offer food cart franchise for as low as P10,000 per package that includes, the cart, product, uniform for the crew and training. Over the last few years, food service carts have sprouted all over the metro — from MRT and LRT station, malls, sidewalks, church, schools, markets etc. – name it and for sure, you’ll find a food cart there. Today, there are about 800 different food cart formats available in the market–pizza, waffle, fishball, siomai, rice toppings, and baked goodies, rice in a box, hotdog and a lot more.Industry estimates that more than P1 billion in sales are turned over every year from the food cart businesses. With this amount, no doubt that Food Cart is the hot business in the market. If you have a nice cart, then the next thing to consider is Location. Location plays a big part in the success of your food cart or in any business for that matter. You have to think of a good location where a person frequents and can see what you are selling. But not all places cramming with people is a good venue just like MRT and LRT station. Lastly, you have to match your good locati on with the right product at a good price.

Shadow Banking - Financial Report - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2675 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Level High school Did you like this example? Table of Contents Executive summary 1.Definition 2.Attraction. 3.Shadow banking in the world. 4.Effects 4.1 Financial system 4.1.1.Financial system definition 4.1.2.The impact of shadow banking on the financial system 4.2Stakeholder 4.2.1. Stakeholder definition 4.2.2. The impact of shadow banking on the stakeholders Executive summary Shadow Banking is a new financial glossary in recent years, but non-banking financial operations have occurred popular for a long time and in many countries. Shadow banking is mature with more than four decades of history in the U.S (industry practitioners of the Hong Kong Chapter of the Institute of Operational Risk and the students from RMBISA of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2014) After the global crisis in 2008-2009, shadow banking has caught the attention because many experts reckoned that is one of underground factors that will impact the global economy in the future without timely measure. This report provides information about shadow banking. Firstly is definition and overview of shadow banking in the . Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Shadow Banking Financial Report" essay for you Create order 1. Definition Shadow banking is known as a complex network of credit intermediation that provides service similar but outside the border of traditional commercial bank (FSB, 2011). The termà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  shadow bankingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ is attributed in a 2007 by economist Paul McCauley, who coined it at the Kansas City Federal Reserve Bank in Jackson Hole, Wyoming. Normally, the traditional bank is regulated by the Government to ensure solvency by deposit insurance scheme. If the bank is collapsed, the Government will bail out. In contrast, Shadow banking is non- financial institution that acts as a bank but it is not regulated by the Government and it takes the money from short-term and invests into the long-term asset by using of the credit derivatives to avoid the regulatory regime applicable to bank. Examples of shadow banking are hedge funds, insurance companies, crowd funding organizations, private equity firms, special purpose vehicles, and money market funds and others entities that h old financial asset .Financing activities of shadow banking are through investors, borrowing, or creating financial products, different from the traditional commercial bank, it does through deposits. 2. Attraction. Before, people borrow mainly money from the traditional bank. However, the functions of the traditional bank is collecting the money from depositors who has surplus money and lend to the public who are in need of capital so the amount of loans is limited with a lot of conditions, such as: payment maturities, interest, collateralsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Therefore, people are looking for others alternative lenders, it is when shadow banking starts coming into play. There are 3 factors of the shadow bankingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s attraction that shadow banking attracts people more than regulated banks. Firstly, shadow banking offers credit intermediation much greater efficiency and highly than the traditional banks do. Secondly, shadow banking system related with systematic risk and high return so shadow banking is an attraction choice for investor who is seeking high return. By investing in shadow banking, the investors can get a high net interest margin between the controlled and the blac k market rates. Lastly, on the borrowerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s point of view, shadow banking provides source of finance that borrower can easily get into the process and directly lend by the absence of the regulated bank must comply with. 3. Shadow banking in the world. Following the Financial Stability Board exercise, the shadow banking system has grew by leaps and bounds from $ 26 trillion in 2002 to $ 62 trillion in 2007, decreased to $59 trillion throughout the Great Depression then got back to $67 trillion in 2011.(FSB, 2012a). Based on the Financial Stability Boardà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s data, the United Kingdom with , The United States, The Euro Area have the biggest shadow banking system. (Exhibit 1) Exhibit 1: Broad Shadow Banking Measures Source: Financial Stability Board. https://www.financialstabilityboard.org/wp-content/uploads/r_131114.pdf?page_moved=1 Total shadow banking asset in The United States was valued $23 trillion, The United Kingdom was $ 9 trillion, The Euro Area was $ 22 trillion in 2011 and Japan was $ 4 trillion. Compare to 2005, the UK share of total non- bank financial intermediation for 20 jurisdiction and the Euro area raised from 9% to 13%, whereas the USà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s share decreased from 44% to 35%. (Exhibit 2) Exhibit 2: Share of assets of non- bank financial intermediaries Source: National flow of funds data As presented in figure 3 the size of traditional banking was growing until 2008, with the exception of a fall in 2005, and then it started to decrease. Besides, shadow bankingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s size was growing during the Great Depression period. Although it dropped in 2008 and 2011 but continued rising till 2013. Source: BBVA Research based on Financial Stability Board and International Monetary Fund Shadow banking has been growing speedily among developing market economies, for instance: China. Shadow banking sector of China has rapidly growth after the Great Depression and ranks as the third largest in the world. (Reuters,2014) . the share of Chinaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s shadow banking raised four time between the end of 2007 and 2013, pension funds and insurance companies grew more than 37 percent year-on-year in 2013 to just under $3 trillion, da ta released with the report showed, according to the Financial Stability Board. (FSB,2014) 4. Effects 4.1 Financial system 4.1.1.Financial system definition Financial system is the set of products and services, i.e. insurance, banks and monetary policies which provide by financial institutions and interaction market( pension funds, banks, pension funds, organized exchanges, and others companiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) There are multiple definitions of financial system based on different spheres ( organization, regional and international) that mobilize funds for investment and facilities commercial activity. Financial system plays an important role in the economy, if financial system does not function well, that negatively affected the economic growth. The financial system in the firm is the components of procedures, which consist of verification, recording, and timely reporting of transactions. Firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s financial system affects the financial activities of the organization. Regional financial system is the system that allows exchanging funds between lenders and borrowers. It comprises of financial markets, financial institu tions, and banks. The global financial system includes borrowers, investors, financial institutions such as World Bank, International Monetary Funds, Central banks which is operating in the international economy. 4.1.2.The impact of shadow banking on the financial system 4.1.2.1. Positive effects Shadow banking system is a non-bank financial entity which plays two main functions as securitization à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" to create and distribute safe assets, and collateral intermediation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" to focus on reducing counterparty risks and assisting secured transactions. So Shadow banking can be seen as a type of regulatory arbitrage that is very beneficial part of financial system in all economics across the world. In developed economies such as : the United States, South Korea, the United Kingdom, Canada, Japan, Australia, Germany, France ,etc. , shadow banking system plays a risk transformation in the economic . In lower developed economies, shadow banking system performs a supplementary role to regulated- banking activities it helps to finance the need of borrowers with the financing conditions where the traditional banking are controlled with regulatory constraints . Shadow banking provides an alternative source of funding and liquidity for corporations and mark et participants by intermediating credit and boost economic activities. Typically shadow banking does not take deposits from customers, it collects funds from pension funds, insurance companies and ordinary savers to invest into securitization, therefore the source funds of shadow banking is flexibility that satisfy the demand of borrowers. Furthermore, shadow banking provides mobilize funds that means there are many lenders. It helps financial system to avoid probability bankrupts which is the reason of chaotic financial system. Securitization à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" based on intermediating credit, shadow banking has liability to reduce the transaction cost of operation and improve the stability of financial system. Take China as an example, all most of investors borrow the amount of money from shadows banking to invest into construction industry. By building houses, departments, shopping malls, shopping centers that created jobs and bolster the economy. Besides, the development of c onstruction industry is a motivation of the growth of steel production. Therefore, steel export of Australia also goes up. 4.1.2.2. Negative However the Financial Depression has highlighted the risk of shadow banking is systematic risk that affects greatly to financial system. Shadow banking does exist on its own; it is a network of interconnection and integration that includes: banks, financial institutions, market participants and subsidiaries. Additionally, shadow banking is lack of transparency that acts like traditional banks but outside the Governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s insurance, so if shadow banking collapse, it will not receive any assistance form the Government that can cause a domino effect across other financial institutions and margins, harming financial system. Shadow banking in China is the best example of domino effect. As the worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s most popular country with 1.357 billion in 2013, ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s one of the largest consumer purchase power in the world. Furthermore, China is the largest trading partner in the world. It became the largest exporter over the world in 2013 with primary products such as: electrical, computers and data processing equipment, optical and medical equipment as well as apparel, fabric and textiles.(FSB,2013) China is a main member in world commodity market and deep trade connections with Western markets and one of the main holders of U.S. debt .That means the economic growth of China plays a significant role in world economy development. When the economics of China is unstable, it sends shockwaves through the financial markets of developing economies and has an effect on the growth of global. These investorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ especially foreign investors which have invested in China suffered vast losses in (Thomson Reuters, 2014) because they cannot take the money back. 4.2Stakeholder 4.2.1. Stakeholder definition Stakeholders are those who have an effect or may be affected by the business of shadow banking. They include primary stakeholders, secondary stakeholder and key stakeholders. Primary stakeholders are those who may be directly affected, either positively or negatively, by an effort or the actions of shadow banking institution. In some cases, there might be interest conflict inside primary stakeholders because a regulation that has positive effect on one group may have a negative effect on another. For examples: People or groups that are indirectly affected, either positively or negatively, by an effort or the actions of shadow banking are secondary stakeholders. Key stakeholders are those who are important to the operation or can have a positive or negative effect on an effort of shadow banking institution. The key stakeholders might be the director, the funder or line staff of the institution. Basically, stakeholders are every people in financial systems, for example: directors, cr editors, Government, employees, shareholders, suppliers. 4.2.2. The impact of shadow banking on the stakeholders 4.2.2.1. Positive effects Shadow banking provides the various types of loan with low cost for customers because it is unregulated. As we know, traditional bank only make a loan to borrower who are able to pay back the loan on time, so they are using 5Cs: capital, capacity, collateral, character and conditions to analyze the borrowerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s credit worthiness. It is very difficult for the individual customers who was bankruptcy before or lack of knowledge about finance to get finance from the bank. In addition, corporates also have difficulty in getting loan from traditional bank if they invest in a high risk project or require for a large amount of money that bank cannot serve. As a result, shadow banking is their choice. They may go straight to the shadow banking to borrow the money through Repos market. Although the activities and functions of shadow banking and bank are separate, shadow banking still impacts on traditional banking. It provides well competition for regulated banks. Nowadays, more and more people choose shadow banking as the source to raise fund instead of regulated bank so traditional bank is losing their customer. Therefore, it motivates banks to renovate their strategies to attract more customers. Furthermore, shadow banking also support traditional bank. Sometimes traditional banking is restricted the limit of ability to serve the customers by the regulation of Government, when shadow banking will come into market and help the financial system to operate efficient by transferring risks outside of the traditional bank system. While shadow banking need support from traditional bank through liquidity to issue related structured products and asset-backed commercial paper to the market, traditional bank depends on the shadow banking for pledging a greater fraction of their portfolios than sensible regulation for example à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Shadow banking provide trust and entrusted loans, wealth management products and bankers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"acceptance b ills as an alternative source of funding to real estate developers and the government financing vehicles in order to build up properties and infrastructure, effectively generating GDP. Moreover, with the help of fund from shadow banking, more projects are satisfied so that it creates more jobs for the community and reduce the unemployment rate. 4.2.2.2. Negative effects Although shadow banking have a lot of benefit, they also bring negative to the stakeholder. The extension of shadow banking creates bubble markets, such as: the commodities market, the stock market, the real estate market. It is the main reason cause the Financial Crisis 2007-2008 that affect strongly to stakeholders in many ways. Many companies collapsed so a lot of employees lost jobs and customers cut off spending. Besides, Government have to provide out aid loan to save and boot economic and it is limit in controlling the cash flow in the country. Rather, lack of transparency and clarity in activities act as an impediment to the effective conduction of monetary policy. 4.3 Recommendation Although the shadow banking has had negative impacts of human and global economy during the world economic crisis, but nobody can deny the benefits of shadow banking. Shadow banking helps the global financial system to work better by creating abundant source of loans for all sectors of th e economy. Additionally shadow banks also support traditional banks to provide debts to stabilize the economy in each country in the world. In my personal opinion, the shadow banking will continue promote its ability to support the economy if the Government limits the lack of transparency in its operations by creating a competitive environment where both shadow banking and traditional bank can compete with each otherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. However, shadow banking have to sign a contract with the Government. They have the right to operate with the policy on their own without the bank license, but they have the obligation to provide information and balance sheet when the Government requires because the risk forecast is too high. After the governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s investigation, if the risk of causing financial crisis was low and removed, shadow banking can continues to operate. Otherwise, shadow banking has to stop immediately when the request of the Government is issued. By this wa y, shadow banking is still unregulated and Government can predict the risk in the financial system to Conclusion References FRB: SpeechTarullo, Shadow Banking and Systemic Risk RegulationNovember 22, 2013. 2015. FRB: SpeechTarullo, Shadow Banking and Systemic Risk RegulationNovember 22, 2013. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/tarullo20131122a.htm. [Accessed 01 April 2015]. Shadow banking and the economy | VOX, CEPRà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Policy Portal. 2015. Shadow banking and the economy | VOX, CEPRà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Policy Portal. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.voxeu.org/article/shadow-banking-and-economy. [Accessed 28 March 2015]. The Effects of the Global Financial Crisis on Chinas Financial Market and Macroeconomy. 2015. The Effects of the Global Financial Crisis on Chinas Financial Market and Macroeconomy. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecri/2012/961694/. [Accessed 05 March 2015]. Reserve Bank of India. 2015. Reserve Bank of India. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/BS_SpeechesView.aspx?Id=911. [Accessed 02 April 2015]. Shadow Banking in India General Knowledge Today. 2015. Shadow Banking in India General Knowledge Today. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.gktoday.in/shadow-banking/. [Accessed 08 April 2015]. . 2015. . [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.bis.org/review/r130204g.pdf. [Accessed 04 April 2015] 2015. . [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.financialstabilityboard.org/wp-content/uploads/r_111027a.pdf?page_moved=1. [Accessed 20 March 2015]. RiskMinds Asia Conference Risk Management Banking Event RiskMinds Asia Blog. 2015. RiskMinds Asia Conference Risk Management Banking Event RiskMinds Asia Blog. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.riskmindsasia.com/blog/Risk-Minds-Asia-Conference/tag/id/Chinese-Shadow-Banking. [Accessed 25 March 2015]. Chinas shadow banking sector growing rapidly, third-largest in world | Asian Legal Business. 2015. Chinas shadow banking sector growing rapidly, third-largest in world | Asian Legal Business. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.legalbusinessonline.com/news-analysis/chinas-shadow-banking-sector-growing-rapidly-third-largest-world/67325. [Accessed 01 March 2015]. 2015. . [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.financialstabilityboard.org/wp-content/uploads/r_131114.pdf?page_moved=1. [Accessed 03 April 2015]. 1

What Is Cohesion in Composition

In writing, cohesion is the use of repetition,  pronouns, transitional expressions, and other devices called cohesive clues to guide readers and show how the parts of a composition relate to one other. Writer and editor  Roy Peter Clark makes a distinction between  coherence  and cohesion in Writing Tools: 50 Essential Strategies for Every Writer as being between the sentence and text level by saying that when the big parts fit, we call that good feeling coherence; when sentences connect we call it cohesion. In other words, cohesion involves the way  ideas and relationships are communicated to readers, notes the  Writing Center  at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst.​ Sticking Text Together In the simplest terms, cohesion is the process of linking and connecting sentences together through a variety of linguistic and semantic ties, which can be broken into three types of semantic relationships: immediate, mediated, and remote ties. In each case, cohesion is the relationship between two elements in written or oral text where the two elements may be clauses, words, or phrases. In immediate ties, the two elements that are linked occur in adjacent sentences, as in: Cory idolized Troye Sivan. He also loves to sing. In this example, Cory is mentioned by name in the first sentence and then conveyed in the second sentence through the use of the pronoun he, which renames Cory. On the other hand, mediated ties occur through a link in an intervening sentence, such as: Hailey enjoys horseback riding. She attends lessons in the fall. She gets better every year. In this example,  the pronoun she is used as a cohesion device to tie the name and subject Hailey through all three sentences. Finally, if two cohesive elements occur in nonadjacent sentences, they create a remote tie wherein the middle sentence of a paragraph or group of sentences might have nothing to do with the subject of the first or third, but cohesive elements inform or remind the reader of the third sentence of the firsts subject. Cohesion vs. Coherence Although cohesion and coherence were considered to be the same thing until around the mid-1970s, the two have since been differentiated by M.A.K. Halliday and Ruqaiya Hasans 1973 Cohesion in English, which says the two should be separated to better understand the finer nuances of the lexical and grammatical usage of both. As Irwin Weiser put it in his article Linguistics, cohesion is now understood to be a textual quality, which can be attained through grammatical and lexical elements used within and between sentences to give readers a better understanding of context. On the other hand, says Weiser: Coherence refers to the overall consistency of a discourse—purpose, voice, content, style, form, and so on—and is in part determined by readers perceptions of texts, dependent not only on linguistic and contextual information but also on readers abilities to draw upon other kinds of knowledge. Halliday and Hasan go on to clarify that cohesion occurs when the interpretation of one element is dependent on that of another, wherein one presupposes the other, in the sense that it cannot be effectively decoded except by recourse to it. This makes the concept of cohesion a semantic notion, wherein all meaning is derived from the text and its arrangement. Making Writing Clear In  composition, coherence refers to the meaningful  connections that readers or listeners perceive in a  written or oral text, often called  linguistic  or discourse coherence, and can occur on either the local or global level, depending on the  audience  and writer. Coherence is directly increased by the amount of guidance a writer provides to the reader, either through context clues or through direct use of transitional phrases to direct the reader through an argument or narrative. Cohesion, by contrast, is a way  to make writing  more coherent when readers are able to make connections across sentences and paragraphs, says the Writing Center at UMass, adding: On the sentence level, this can include when the last few words of one set up information that appears in the first few words of the next. That’s what gives us our experience of flow. In other words, cohesion is the semantic tool you use to make your writing more coherent.

Feminism Is For Everyone By Bell Hook - 958 Words

Feminism is for everyone bell hook is a famous feminist author who wrote the book â€Å"Feminism Is For Everybody† hooks attempt to create a quick, simple start on feminist history, theory, and politics to the masses who receive a misinformation, misunderstood, and maligned version of the feminist movement. Hooks says â€Å"To understand feminism it implies one has to necessarily understand sexism†.We define feminism as the advocacy of women s rights on the grounds of political, social, and economic equality to men.Where she simply define and shows that being feminism does not mean women have to become mean or they are better than men,she simply saying that men and women need to be equal like the civil right movements. The book begins with a brief statement of feminist political positions, then discusses some history of the movement.She discusses the change in the movement from personal to groups where women have close relationships with one another and began to feel pe rsonally empowered by their participation in the establishment of large, and how some women feel like they are working for the high middle-class women.Every single time it doesn’t matter you a women or men, you will always have someone in the higher level than you.hooks feel like it will very exciting for the women who have the power to work with other so they could build each other up..Hooks views the formation of large women’s organizations as the beginning of a stage where the movement took on the role ofShow MoreRelatedFeminism Is For Everyone By Bell Hooks And Men And Feminism750 Words   |  3 PagesWhat is Feminism? Feminism. The f-word. This word has many different connotations. The dictionary definition of feminism is the doctrine advocating social, political, and all other rights of women equal to those of men (dictionary.com). The simpler, more stereotypical, definition is policies that are pro-women and anti-men. Before this class all I ever heard, was that the stereotypical feminist is a woman who hates all men and everything about men. She probably does not shave (ever) and she is mostRead MoreThe Black Imagination By Bell Hooks837 Words   |  4 Pagesauthor bell hooks brings our attention to her opinion of the impression colored people would have on about white people. Bell hooks opens her article by informing us about the times of slavery and how black people would gossip about what they have observed of the white folk. This knowledge was shared for their survival and easier living as domestic servants. Now, however, colored and white people live coherent with one another but hooks ar gues that even now the hatred still exists. Hooks explainsRead MoreExplanatory And Dig Deep By Sheryl Sandberg793 Words   |  4 Pagesversions of the definition of feminism, the importance of a â€Å"life partner†, and how women are to achieve things in life. In contrast, Bell Hooks, feminist and author, responds to Sandberg’s book with an opposing view on the issues of modern feminism. The definition of Feminism is very different to every person. Each interpretation is influenced by individual thought on feminism, based on their unique life experiences. Sandberg never gives a black and white definition of feminism but instead, builds upRead MoreA Rhetorical Analysis Of Gender Equality Essay1347 Words   |  6 Pagesexactly is it? Well to answer that, it is the view that everyone should receive equal treatment and not be discriminated against based on gender. Today, most women are getting treated differently compared to men. Whether it is based on pay gap, power, or strength the problem comes up. Men think they are stronger and better than women and this upsets women because it makes them feel like they don’t have a place in this world. This is where feminism comes into place. I chose this topic because I can relateRead More Expanding Feminist Activism Essay1263 Words   |  6 Pages Expanding Feminist Activism I chose this topic mainly because of interest. When thinking about the idea of feminism aside from all stereotypes one would think the struggle for womens rights. The idea sounds unified in saying and one would assume most women were involved. For a long time the womens movement applied to just white upper class females. I found a source on extremist women, which focused on the powerful ideas of white supremacy. This article was geared toward white women, and theRead MoreFeminism And The Age Of Media1337 Words   |  6 PagesMy Change in Defining Feminism It was my honor to take ENGL 1102 with Dr. Allukian this semester. ENGL 1102, Feminism in the Age of Media, is a course focus on the theoretical world of feminism: feminism definitions and its presentations in real life. Through the reading of various feminist theories by famous pioneers such as bell hooks and Sandra Bartky, I gradually understand the concept of feminism. The further practices of integrating my learning with practices such as making videos and presentingRead MoreThe Women s Movement And The Development Of Feminism Essay1702 Words   |  7 Pagesspark of the women’s movement and the development of feminism in the twentieth century. According to feminist writer, bell hooks, in â€Å"Introduction: Come Closer to Feminism,† hooks identifies that feminism is for everyone because ‘feminism is a movement to end sexism’ (hooks 10). In other words, implying that it is not men that are the problem but the behavior and ideals sexism itself because wo men and men are both capable of being sexist. Feminism is not just about women getting equal rights as menRead MoreAnalysis Of Bell Hooks And Frantz Fanon1401 Words   |  6 PagesBoth philosophers, bell hooks and Frantz Fanon, address the problem of equality. In Feminism is for Everybody, hooks defines feminism as a movement to end sexism, sexist exploitation, and oppression. Hooks begins by stating feminism is for everybody (2000) and that it is an attempt to end sexism though reform feminism. In â€Å"Racism and Culture,† Fanon investigates whether ending racism is due to cultural relativity. In the book by Gloria Anzaldua Borderlands/La Frontera, she describes the personalRead More Keeping Close to Home by bell hooks Essay1265 Words   |  6 Pagesacademically based, bell hookss essay Keeping Close to Home: Class and Education is an essay that I consider to be very touching. While arguing in her essay that the rich class and the working-class should come to respect an d understand each other, bell hooks employs three elements of argument: ethos, pathos, and logos. With her usage of ethos, hooks relates her experience as an undergraduate at Stanford. Providing an experience from a time before she went to Stanford, hooks uses pathos to inspireRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Aint I A Woman 1079 Words   |  5 PagesAlonia Lewis Canonical Text Prof. Barnes March 16, 2016 In 1992, Bell Hooks published â€Å"Aint I a Woman† after working on it for several years. â€Å"Aint I a Woman† is a book detailing the lives of Black women in America from Slavery to the present and their relation to feminism. Hooks felt that there was an absence of books about the African American woman that were available. While there were books about individual African American women and their experiences in the oppressive American system, she

The effect of Vitamin D supplementation on breast cancer risk Free Essays

Abstract The impact of vitamin D supplementation on breast cancer prevention and diminishment has become a matter of sustained debate. This study proposes to utilize a combination Post-Positivism approach to assess the practice. With emerging studies both upholding and decrying the efficacy of Vitamin D in relation to breast cancer, there is a need pursue this study in order to clarify the potential. We will write a custom essay sample on The effect of Vitamin D supplementation on breast cancer risk or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1. Introduction Breast Cancer and vitamin D supplementation have become a substantial topic of debate as a drive to find a solution continues. This study fills a gap in existing research by assessing what impact the addition of Vitamin D has on the prevention and diminishment of Breast Cancer. 1.1 Background The efficacy of Vitamin D supplementation in order to prevent or diminish Breast Cancer has become a matter of sustained debate. The Mohr, Gorham and Alcaraz (2012) study argues that there is a direct benefit to the reduction of breast cancer by adding Vitamin D both before and after a cancer diagnosis. Others cite the impact of Vitamin D on Breast Cancer as only negligible (Prentice, Prettinger and Jackson 2013). Still others cite the early stage of research as an obstacle to fully embracing the value of Vitamin D (Yin, Grandi and Raum 2010). Yet, further studies link Vitamin D and the method of ingestion as a pivotal issue (Prentice et al 2013). The goal of this study would be to further determine the role of Vitamin D in relation to breast cancer in women. 1.2 Aims and Objectives In this section, the research aims, objectives, and research questions will be outlined. Firstly, the aim of this research is as follows: The following research objectives have been determined: What is the effect of vitamin D supplementation on breast cancer risk What is the vitamin D status, determined by 25-OH vitamin D levels, among women diagnosed with breast cancer 1.3 Research Questions The research question is: What are the known associations with Vitamin D supplementation and breast cancer What are the key factors that have been impacted by Vitamin D supplementation of cancer Do the means of Vitamin D ingestion have an impact on effectiveness What is the potential emerging research teaching 2 Literature Review 2.1 Factors that contribute to Breast Cancer Deficiencies in all forms have long been credited with the increasing the probability for cancer of all varieties (Pearce and Cheetham 2010). Factors including the lack of Vitamin D have been linked to breast cancer diagnosis in women (Chung, Lee and Terasawa 2011). With lifestyle choices and long-term habits playing a pivotal role in a cancer diagnosis, the impact of a single element is debateable (Brasky, Lampe and Potter 2010). Diseases including Rickets and osteomalacia are directly tied to vitamin D deficiency, making a breast cancer link plausible (Pearce et al 2010). The presence of or lack of vitamins are argued to impact a breast cancer diagnosis. 2.2 Vitamin D and Breast Cancer supplementation in Women A wide array of professionals ranging across clinical applications, autoimmunity, cardiology and cancer fields agree that the Vitamin D supplementation is a benefit to the effort to increase breast prevention efforts (Souberbielle, Jeanjacques Body and Lappe 2010). Yet, Prentice et al (2013), while maintaining the moderate value of the supplementation practice, argue that the reduction in breast cancer occurrence due to this factor is only suggestive, not conclusive. 2.3 Vitamin D and Breast Cancer Prevention Option Wolff and Guiliano (2011) have found that Vitamin D as a supplement is superior to a dietary intake of vitamin D. This study charts a correlation between the incidents of breast cancer prevention and the dietary method of vitamin intake. It is insufficient to rely on any single indicator in as a prevention mechanism (Thacher and Clarke 2011). Further, the benefits of vitamin D are only at the observational stage and cannot be fully accredited (Ibid). 2.4Trends The combination of Calcium/Vitamin D is providing an avenue for research towards a diminished rate of breast cancer (Bolland, Grey, Gamble and Reid 2011). Conversely, Brunner, Wactawski-Wende and Cann (2011) illustrate that there is no substantial reduction in breast cancer among their studies participants employing this combination. 3. Methodology The methodology focuses on an explanation of the approaches considered: What is the effect of vitamin D supplementation on breast cancer risk What is the vitamin D status, determined by 25-OH vitamin D levels, among women diagnosed with breast cancer 3.1 Approach Positivism, quantitative method, provides solutions resting in math, producing empirical data (Yin 2003). Interpretivism or qualitative uses the interpretive approach utilizing instruments like coding. Post-Positivism, a combination of the two is best suited to determine the impact of Vitamin D supplementation on breast cancer in women (Bryan and Bell 2007). Both inductive and deductive approaches were considered. Bryan et al (2007) view both approaches as ‘connected’ with distinct elements, but the connection are not fixed. Therefore settled the use of a mixed method or post-positivism method was chosen as the best approach. 3.2 Research Strategy This study will collect and analyse empirical data (Biggam 2012). The utilization of both primary and secondary research material will provide depth and fundamental clarity to the study (Yin 2003). The empirical research in this study deals with an in-depth review of breast cancer cases, survivors and relevant medical professionals. Primary data will be accumulated through the creation and utilization of a survey directly transmitted to breast cancer survivors and oncological professionals (Ibid). Prior and existing case studies will be evaluated utilizing secondary sources alongside the application of a primary source survey issued to the breast cancer survivors and members of the oncologist community (Yin 2003). This research strategy is best suited to facilitate a well rounded evaluation of issues that promote various perspectives in order to gain a comprehensive understanding of the link between Vitamin D supplementation and breast cancer (Lock, Silvermand and Spirduso 2010). 3.4 Data Collection Methods and Instruments The collection methods used in this study were: Primary data using Surveys from survivors and medical professionals (Saunders et al 2007). Secondary breast cancer data via journal and peer reviewed article The primary disadvantages rest in the limited capacity to check answers or develop further details. Further, obtaining primary data may be very high (Yin 2003). 7. References Biggam, J. (2012) Succeeding with Your Master’s Dissertation. 2nd ed.Berks. McGraw-Hill Boll, Grey, A., Gamble, G. and Reid, I. 2011. Calcium and vitamin D supplements and health outcomes: a reanalysis of the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) limited-access data set. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 94 (4), pp. 1144–1149. Brasky, T., Lampe, J., Potter, J., Patterson, R. and White, E. 2010. Specialty supplements and breast cancer risk in the VITamins And Lifestyle (VITAL) Cohort. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers Prevention, 19 (7), pp. 1696–1708. Brunner, R., Wactawski-Wende, J., Caan, B., Cochrane, B., Chlebowski, R., Gass, M., Jacobs, E., Lacroix, A., Lane, D., Larson, J. and Others. 2011. The effect of calcium plus vitamin D on risk for invasive cancer: results of the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) calcium plus vitamin D randomized clinical trial. Nutrition and cancer, 63 (6), pp. 827–841. Bryan and Bell, (2007)Buisness Research Methods Oxford. University Press Chung, M., Lee, J., Terasawa, T., Lau, J. and Trikalinos, T. 2011. Vitamin D with or without calcium supplementation for prevention of cancer and fractures: an updated meta-analysis for the US Preventive Services Task Force. Annals of Internal Medicine, 155 (12), pp. 827–838. Locke L. F., Silverman S J and Spirduso, W, W (2010, pg 198) Reading and Understanding Research. 3rd ed. Mohr, S., Gorham, E., Alcaraz, J., Kane, C., Macera, C., Parsons, J., Wingard, D. and Garl. 2012. Does the evidence for an inverse relationship between serum vitamin D status and breast cancer risk satisfy the Hill criteria?. Dermato-endocrinology, 4 (2), pp. 152–157. Pearce, S., Cheetham, T. and Others. 2010. Diagnosis and management of vitamin D deficiency. Bmj, 340 p. 5664. Prentice, R., Pettinger, M., Jackson, R., Wactawski-Wende, J., Lacroix, A., Anderson, G., Chlebowski, R., Manson, J., Van Horn, L., Vitolins, M. and Others. 2013. Health risks and benefits from calcium and vitamin D supplementation: Women’s Health Initiative clinical trial and cohort study. Osteoporosis International, 24 (2), pp. 567–580. Serrano, J., De Lorenzo, D., Cassanye, A., Mart’In-Gari, M., Espinel, A., Delgado, M., Pamplona, R. and Portero-Otin, M. 2013. Vitamin D receptor BsmI polymorphism modulates soy intake and 25-hydroxyvitamin D supplementation benefits in cardiovascular disease risk factors profile.Genes nutrition, 8 (6), pp. 561–569. Souberbielle, J., Body, J., Lappe, J., Plebani, M., Shoenfeld, Y., Wang, T., Bischoff-Ferrari, H., Cavalier, E., Ebeling, P., Fardellone, P. and Others. 2010. Vitamin D and musculoskeletal health, cardiovascular disease, autoimmunity and cancer: Recommendations for clinical practice.Autoimmunity reviews, 9 (11), pp. 709–715. Thacher, T. and Clarke, B. 2011. Vitamin D insufficiency. 86 (1), pp. 50–60. Yin, L., Gr, I, N., Raum, E., Haug, U., Arndt, V. and Brenner, H. 2010. Meta-analysis: serum vitamin D and breast cancer risk. European Journal of Cancer, 46 (12), pp. 2196–2205. Yin, R. 2003. Case study research. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications.Pallant, J. (2010) SPSS How to cite The effect of Vitamin D supplementation on breast cancer risk, Essay examples The effect of Vitamin D supplementation on breast cancer risk Free Essays Abstract The impact of vitamin D supplementation on breast cancer prevention and diminishment has become a matter of sustained debate. This study proposes to utilize a combination Post-Positivism approach to assess the practice. With emerging studies both upholding and decrying the efficacy of Vitamin D in relation to breast cancer, there is a need pursue this study in order to clarify the potential. We will write a custom essay sample on The effect of Vitamin D supplementation on breast cancer risk or any similar topic only for you Order Now Introduction Breast Cancer and vitamin D supplementation have become a substantial topic of debate as a drive to find a solution continues. This study fills a gap in existing research by assessing what impact the addition of Vitamin D has on the prevention and diminishment of Breast Cancer. 1.1 Background The efficacy of Vitamin D supplementation in order to prevent or diminish Breast Cancer has become a matter of sustained debate. The Mohr, Gorham and Alcaraz (2012) study argues that there is a direct benefit to the reduction of breast cancer by adding Vitamin D both before and after a cancer diagnosis. Others cite the impact of Vitamin D on Breast Cancer as only negligible (Prentice, Prettinger and Jackson 2013). Still others cite the early stage of research as an obstacle to fully embracing the value of Vitamin D (Yin, Grandi and Raum 2010). Yet, further studies link Vitamin D and the method of ingestion as a pivotal issue (Prentice et al 2013). The goal of this study would be to further determine the role of Vitamin D in relation to breast cancer in women. 1.2 Aims and Objectives In this section, the research aims, objectives, and research questions will be outlined. Firstly, the aim of this research is as follows: The following research objectives have been determined: What is the effect of vitamin D supplementation on breast cancer risk What is the vitamin D status, determined by 25-OH vitamin D levels, among women diagnosed with breast cancer 1.3 Research Questions The research question is: What are the known associations with Vitamin D supplementation and breast cancer What are the key factors that have been impacted by Vitamin D supplementation of cancer Do the means of Vitamin D ingestion have an impact on effectiveness What is the potential emerging research teaching 2 Literature Review 2.1 Factors that contribute to Breast Cancer Deficiencies in all forms have long been credited with the increasing the probability for cancer of all varieties (Pearce and Cheetham 2010). Factors including the lack of Vitamin D have been linked to breast cancer diagnosis in women (Chung, Lee and Terasawa 2011). With lifestyle choices and long-term habits playing a pivotal role in a cancer diagnosis, the impact of a single element is debateable (Brasky, Lampe and Potter 2010). Diseases including Rickets and osteomalacia are directly tied to vitamin D deficiency, making a breast cancer link plausible (Pearce et al 2010). The presence of or lack of vitamins are argued to impact a breast cancer diagnosis. 2.2 Vitamin D and Breast Cancer supplementation in Women A wide array of professionals ranging across clinical applications, autoimmunity, cardiology and cancer fields agree that the Vitamin D supplementation is a benefit to the effort to increase breast prevention efforts (Souberbielle, Jeanjacques Body and Lappe 2010). Yet, Prentice et al (2013), while maintaining the moderate value of the supplementation practice, argue that the reduction in breast cancer occurrence due to this factor is only suggestive, not conclusive. 2.3 Vitamin D and Breast Cancer Prevention Option Wolff and Guiliano (2011) have found that Vitamin D as a supplement is superior to a dietary intake of vitamin D. This study charts a correlation between the incidents of breast cancer prevention and the dietary method of vitamin intake. It is insufficient to rely on any single indicator in as a prevention mechanism (Thacher and Clarke 2011). Further, the benefits of vitamin D are only at the observational stage and cannot be fully accredited (Ibid). 2.4Trends The combination of Calcium/Vitamin D is providing an avenue for research towards a diminished rate of breast cancer (Bolland, Grey, Gamble and Reid 2011). Conversely, Brunner, Wactawski-Wende and Cann (2011) illustrate that there is no substantial reduction in breast cancer among their studies participants employing this combination. 3. Methodology The methodology focuses on an explanation of the approaches considered: What is the effect of vitamin D supplementation on breast cancer risk What is the vitamin D status, determined by 25-OH vitamin D levels, among women diagnosed with breast cancer 3.1 Approach Positivism, quantitative method, provides solutions resting in math, producing empirical data (Yin 2003). Interpretivism or qualitative uses the interpretive approach utilizing instruments like coding. Post-Positivism, a combination of the two is best suited to determine the impact of Vitamin D supplementation on breast cancer in women (Bryan and Bell 2007). Both inductive and deductive approaches were considered. Bryan et al (2007) view both approaches as ‘connected’ with distinct elements, but the connection are not fixed. Therefore settled the use of a mixed method or post-positivism method was chosen as the best approach. 3.2 Research Strategy This study will collect and analyse empirical data (Biggam 2012). The utilization of both primary and secondary research material will provide depth and fundamental clarity to the study (Yin 2003). The empirical research in this study deals with an in-depth review of breast cancer cases, survivors and relevant medical professionals. Primary data will be accumulated through the creation and utilization of a survey directly transmitted to breast cancer survivors and oncological professionals (Ibid). Prior and existing case studies will be evaluated utilizing secondary sources alongside the application of a primary source survey issued to the breast cancer survivors and members of the oncologist community (Yin 2003). This research strategy is best suited to facilitate a well rounded evaluation of issues that promote various perspectives in order to gain a comprehensive understanding of the link between Vitamin D supplementation and breast cancer (Lock, Silvermand and Spirduso 2010). 3.4 Data Collection Methods and Instruments The collection methods used in this study were: Primary data using Surveys from survivors and medical professionals (Saunders et al 2007). Secondary breast cancer data via journal and peer reviewed article The primary disadvantages rest in the limited capacity to check answers or develop further details. Further, obtaining primary data may be very high (Yin 2003). 7. References Biggam, J. (2012) Succeeding with Your Master’s Dissertation. 2nd ed.Berks. McGraw-Hill Boll, Grey, A., Gamble, G. and Reid, I. 2011. Calcium and vitamin D supplements and health outcomes: a reanalysis of the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) limited-access data set. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 94 (4), pp. 1144–1149. Brasky, T., Lampe, J., Potter, J., Patterson, R. and White, E. 2010. Specialty supplements and breast cancer risk in the VITamins And Lifestyle (VITAL) Cohort. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers Prevention, 19 (7), pp. 1696–1708. Brunner, R., Wactawski-Wende, J., Caan, B., Cochrane, B., Chlebowski, R., Gass, M., Jacobs, E., Lacroix, A., Lane, D., Larson, J. and Others. 2011. The effect of calcium plus vitamin D on risk for invasive cancer: results of the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) calcium plus vitamin D randomized clinical trial. Nutrition and cancer, 63 (6), pp. 827–841. Bryan and Bell, (2007)Buisness Research Methods Oxford. University Press Chung, M., Lee, J., Terasawa, T., Lau, J. and Trikalinos, T. 2011. Vitamin D with or without calcium supplementation for prevention of cancer and fractures: an updated meta-analysis for the US Preventive Services Task Force. Annals of Internal Medicine, 155 (12), pp. 827–838. Locke L. F., Silverman S J and Spirduso, W, W (2010, pg 198) Reading and Understanding Research. 3rd ed. Mohr, S., Gorham, E., Alcaraz, J., Kane, C., Macera, C., Parsons, J., Wingard, D. and Garl. 2012. Does the evidence for an inverse relationship between serum vitamin D status and breast cancer risk satisfy the Hill criteria?. Dermato-endocrinology, 4 (2), pp. 152–157. Pearce, S., Cheetham, T. and Others. 2010. Diagnosis and management of vitamin D deficiency. Bmj, 340 p. 5664. Prentice, R., Pettinger, M., Jackson, R., Wactawski-Wende, J., Lacroix, A., Anderson, G., Chlebowski, R., Manson, J., Van Horn, L., Vitolins, M. and Others. 2013. Health risks and benefits from calcium and vitamin D supplementation: Women’s Health Initiative clinical trial and cohort study. Osteoporosis International, 24 (2), pp. 567–580. Serrano, J., De Lorenzo, D., Cassanye, A., Mart’In-Gari, M., Espinel, A., Delgado, M., Pamplona, R. and Portero-Otin, M. 2013. Vitamin D receptor BsmI polymorphism modulates soy intake and 25-hydroxyvitamin D supplementation benefits in cardiovascular disease risk factors profile.Genes nutrition, 8 (6), pp. 561–569. Souberbielle, J., Body, J., Lappe, J., Plebani, M., Shoenfeld, Y., Wang, T., Bischoff-Ferrari, H., Cavalier, E., Ebeling, P., Fardellone, P. and Others. 2010. Vitamin D and musculoskeletal health, cardiovascular disease, autoimmunity and cancer: Recommendations for clinical practice.Autoimmunity reviews, 9 (11), pp. 709–715. Thacher, T. and Clarke, B. 2011. Vitamin D insufficiency. 86 (1), pp. 50–60. Yin, L., Gr, I, N., Raum, E., Haug, U., Arndt, V. and Brenner, H. 2010. Meta-analysis: serum vitamin D and breast cancer risk. European Journal of Cancer, 46 (12), pp. 2196–2205. Yin, R. 2003. Case study research. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications.Pallant, J. (2010) SPSS 8. Gantt Chart How to cite The effect of Vitamin D supplementation on breast cancer risk, Essay examples

Risk Crisis And Disaster Management Organizational Risk

Question: Describe the Report for Risk Crisis And Disaster Management of Organizational Risk. Answer: Introduction Organizational risk management is the process of identifying and assessing the existing and potential risk of organization (Soin and Collier 2013). The study will identify the breaches in WHS legislation with specific reference to the legislation that applies in the case study. The study will also analyze the workplace hazards and the associated risk of those hazards of hotel mentioned in the case study. Apart from that, specific management control and hierarchy of those controls will also be described in this study. Furthermore, the study will also reflect a cost benefit analysis associated with non-compliance, hazards and recommended controls. On the other hand, the consequence of not improving compliance and managing the workplace hazards will also be analyzed in this study. Breaches in WHS Legislation Breaching codes for health and safety risk of plant Plant is the major reason of workplace injury and death in Australia. WHS legislation in regards to New South Wales Legislation (NSW) suggests that workplace should have competent person for handing and regular checking of all the plants existing in an organization (safework.nsw.gov.au 2016). In case of the hotel mentioned in the case study, it has been found that lift is old and constantly out of order. There is no competent staff to check the efficiency level of the plants. It has also caused break down of lift for five times. Therefore, it can be said that the organization is breaching the NSW legislation in terms of safe plant management. Code of Practice on First Aid in Workplace Under section 274 of WHS, organizations have to keep first aid as the immediate treatment of staffs suffering from organizational injuries (workcover.nsw.gov.au 2016). There should also be a competent fast aider, who has completed a nationally accredited training course for administering first aid. In this case study, the staff of the organization usually does not get first aid treatment in their workplace. First aid kits are not stocked properly. Management does not give effort to roster competent and qualified first aiders in each shift. Therefore, it can be said that the organization has breaches the NSW legislation. Code of practice associated with hazardous chemicals As per NSW, organizations must have competent person to identify the chemicals associated with the work within workplace (safework.sa.gov.au 2016). In this organization, it has been found that the bottles, which are used by staffs, are not leveled and suppliers do not provide adequate information about the safe of chemicals. Moreover, the chemical usage also causing breathing difficulties and burn to eyes of staffs. In this way, it is breaching the NSW legislation of workplace safety. Code of practice associated with employee training Occupational Health and Safety Act 2004 of New South Wales suggests appropriate training for the employees to manage their work in safe way without causing risk (Comcare.gov.au 2016). In this hotel, the health and safety representatives are trained properly for checking the safety issues of the workplace. In this way, the organization is breaching the NSW legislation within workplace. Hazards within Workplace Safety Hazards The hotel was associated with huge safety issues in terms of lack of safety measurement. It has been found that the guests of the hotel are allowed to call any number of visitors in their room without having permission of reception. The visitors do not usually go through the reception prior to entering into the rooms. It creates measures safety issues for other guests within the hotels (Thalmann et al. 2014). Plant Hazards Disaster in workplace can be occurred, when plants are not properly managed and controlled. It can lead to severe accident. It has been found that the health and safety representatives of the hotel are not trained properly. Therefore, they are not efficient enough to check the safety issues of plants. It has been noted that the lift of the hotel is old and constantly out of order. Therefore, it has created huge hazards for the hotel staffs by creating the chance of lift break down (Arnaboldi and Lapsley 2014). Chemical Hazards The housekeeping staffs of the hotel are noted to use new cleaning substance for glass shower screen. However, the hotel has no competent employees to level of the chemicals in the workplace machineries. Therefore, it is causing organizational injuries for the staffs by excessive use of chemicals (Chikoto, Sadiq and Fordyce 2013). Workplace Hazards The hotel mentioned in the case study has huge lack of first aid treatment facility for the staffs. The staffs are to go to the local doctors for treating their organizational injuries. Therefore, it is creating organizational hazards by creating sickness for the employees (Hora and Klassen 2013). Risk Associated with Hazards Risk Associated with Safety Hazards The hotel has not security measures in allowing unlimited visitors to the rooms of the guests. The visitors need not to go through reception. On the other hand, the hotel itself is established in a dimly lit area. Therefore, the risk of assault and robbery are always associated with this hazard for the hotel staffs and guests (Weber et al. 2012). Risk Associated with Plant Hazard The hotel has lack of trained and competent staff for checking the functional efficiency of the lift. It has been examined that the lift is old and consistently out of order. Therefore, there is huge chance of staff and guest accident due to break down of lift (Bromiley et al. 2015). Moreover, over last month the lift has been broken down at least 5 times. Risk Associated with Chemical Hazard The Health Safety Representatives of the hotel have not completed HSR training. The Health Safety Committee of the hotel has been formed with full time employees of administrative department. Therefore, there is no such employee in organization, who can check the chemical within the organizational accessories. Therefore, there is huge risk associated with this hazard in terms of creating breathing problems and burns to eyes of staffs and guests (Kreiser et al. 2013). Risk Associated with Workplace Hazards The hotel has no adequate facility of first aid treatment for the staffs suffering from organizational injuries. Moreover, the first aid treatment kits are not stocked properly and management does not take proper initiatives to roaster qualified first aiders to each shift. Therefore, organization staffs have huge risk to face severe impact organizational injuries (Birkmann et al. 2013). The priority for risk treatment has been referred in Appendix 1. Treatment for Workplace hazards Treatment for Chemical hazards Treatment for Plant hazards Treatment for Safety Hazards Management Level Control Infrastructural Improvement The management of the hotel should focus on the infrastructural improvement within their workplace. They should improve the operational condition their lift and construct new lift with operational consistency. It would minimize the chance of lift breakdown and the chance of accident within the workplace (Osipova and Eriksson 2013). In this way, the management can comply with the safety measures of WHS legislation. Appointing Trained First Aider The hotel is breaching the WHS legislation associated with first aid facility in the workplace. They have no sufficient first aider in each shift for the employees. Therefore, the management should appoint trained and competent first aiders in each shift for the staffs. They should also maintain adequate first aid kits for the staffs to treat organizational injuries of the staffs (Alhawari et al. 2012). In this way, they will be able to comply with the WHS legislation. Employee Training It has been found that the Health Safety Representatives of the hotel have not completed HSR training for maintaining workplace safety. In order to comply with Occupational Health and Safety Act 2004 of NSW legislation, the management has to provide adequate health and safety training to the employees (Su, Baird and Schoch 2015). It will assist in maintaining the workplace safety of the hotel. Security and Safety Policy The management has to implement proper security policy for entering to the hotel. There should be proper checking system in reception centre of the hotel so that unknown person cannot enter within the room of the guest without proper checking. Apart from that, strict policy should also be implemented for the suppliers so that they give proper information on the bottles regarding the chemical usages. Hierarchy of Controls While considering hierarchy, it can be said that security and safety policy of the organization has to be improved at the earliest. This is because the organization is facing tremendous issues from assaults and robberies. The guests are the most affected by such activities who are the only revenue earning stakeholders. If guests are dissatisfied, then they cannot be retained. Next, employee training has to be considered as it has been found that most of the employees are casual and they are not carrying out their daily duties. Moreover, receptionist has to be trained regarding which visitors are visiting the guests. Proper identification of visitors is to be recorded. Injuries and illness of the staffs can also be taken care of they are trained about what items they are supposed to use at what circumstances. Considering infrastructural development, it can be placed at the third position of hierarchy. This is because once the consumers are satisfied through training of staffs and safety policies, they can be retained. Amount earned from revenue will be used for infrastructure development. Finally, trained first aid professionals are to be incorporated so that effected stakeholders due to chemical hazards can be treated at the earliest. Cost Benefit Analysis Considering safety hazards, it can be said that introduction of safety and security policy will be most significant factor. This will fall under non-recurring cost. For this, the capital will be used for the following: Documentation of policies Communicating with employees Documentation will be the least expense and therefore organization will be highly benefited. Expense for communication will be done verbally and through presentation slides through training session. Considering plant hazard, employee training will be the best alternative as being a service oriented organization employees are the one who directly communicate with guests. This will fall under non-recurring cost. Therefore the associated costs here are: Training sessions for each employee Training equipments Material handling items Laptops for presentation slides Schedule handling manual From the above, it can be said that much of the expense will be done only though material handling and training equipments. Therefore, it can be said that this is the most beneficial training delivery procedure with least cost. Considering chemical hazard, it can be said that first aid professionals are to be included who will serve 24x7. Shifting duty will be allowed for the professionals. This can be termed as a recurring cost as professionals will work in contract basis and the associated costs here are: Incorporation of first aid professionals Incorporation of first aid equipments and box Replenishment cost From the cost breakdown, it can be said that if employees within the organization are trained for providing first aid, then continuous training session will have to be provided and irregular service pattern will consume huge resources. For this if professionals are hired then cost consumption can be reduced, which will be organization benefit. Consequence of not improving compliance Customer Dissatisfaction Lack of strict security measure can lead to increasing rate of assault and robbery within the hotel. Therefore, if the hotel does improve compliance and manage workplace hazards, then it will definitely lead to customer dissatisfaction. The customers will no longer be interested to revisit this hotel, if such incident occurs repetitively (Osipova and Eriksson 2013). Employee Conflict Employees are the main asset of any organization towards its success. Therefore, securing the employees health within the workplace should be major concern of any organization. However, in this hotel employee health security is highly avoided. The hotel has no adequate first aider and kits for the treatment of organizational injuries, which can lead to severe impact of injuries. Therefore, such situation can lead to major employee conflict, if it is not tackled properly at right time (Hora and Klassen 2013). Chance of Legal Issue Repetitive assaults and robbery occurring in the hotel can lead to major legal issues, if it is not handled properly. These kinds of incident can result in severe disaster for the guests as well as staffs. Therefore, the hotel can suffer from major legal issues even from legal notice of court. Bad Reputation of hotel Repetitive accidents and robberies can create bad reputation for the hotels. These incidents will reflect a negative image of hotel on the mind of customers and community (Arnaboldi and Lapsley 2014). Therefore, bad reputation of the hotel can also lead to ineffective business for the hotel. Conclusion While concluding the study, it can be said that the hotel has breached the health and safety regulation of WHS legislation due to improper lift management and lack of proper first aid treatment in the workplace. The hotel has huge lack of safety measurement, which has created safety hazards, chemical hazards and other workplace hazards. Extreme safety hazards are associated with high chance of assaults and robbery within the hotel. Management should take strict safety measures in terms of appointing first aider and offering employees training. Without proper safety measures, the hotel can face customer dissatisfaction and legal issues. 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