Popularity Towards TV Reality Shows

Popularity Towards TV Reality Shows This is my assignment of Academic English. That was included two question which is discuss about constant rise on the popularity of TV reality shows and give my views on the shows. I feel this assignment so challenging, especially question 2 is interested in me. Question 2 is want me to explain about success is due to ones hard work or inspiration. Definition of hard work is intention to do everything, as long as you are 100% mind into a good thing to do is the best. Definition of inspiration is a grabbing of methods or things of thought. I will choose success is due to ones hard work and I will relate it. This assignment answer resources from website and some answer I have discuss with my classmate. Reality Shows Reality television shows have been around for a long time. It has changed the media landscape drastically since the turn of the millennium. Owing to its interactive nature, reality television shows has become a highly marketable advertising vehicle. Real life, unscripted TV shows bring drama, comedy, or romance into peoples homes. In view of reality television shows rising popularity and potential in marketing, the influence of these programs is of public interest. When the television program shows debuted in the summer of 2000 in North America, the reality television became very popular. Subsequently, many new reality television shows have been launched everywhere. The rise in the popularity of reality television shows at the present time can be considered as phenomenal in the world media landscape. Many reality television shows have created the history in terms of peoples participation and revenue generation. A lot of reality television shows are popularity like American idol or Fear factor and others. I like to watch the reality television shows is Fear factor. Fear factor is a show of challenges limit and looking for stimulus. Many people or actors also will go take part the show and test their level of daring. After finish the game, the winner can win some money. This show also attracts me because it is so stimulus. I will watch this show every weekend. Reality television in form and content provides the user with programming that seems to be both engaging as well as entertaining. So what does reality television offer its viewers? Is it even content thats worth watching? While viewing reality television shows we do not see the real picture but rather see what the producers see as the real. Since the producers are the ones that set the story for the shows, the actors or rather participants have little or no say in the final outcome thats broadcast. This is controversial of the shows, sometimes they just want to order to capture a mass audience in hopes for major advertisement spo nsors. Most of this show is built around the idea of cheap production and high profits rather than entertainment. If a production companies creates a show with the explicit intention of trying to make money from the humiliation and suffering which they themselves create for unsuspecting people, then that seems to me to be immoral and unconscionable. Television shows such as Talk Shows, that are watched by me frequently have persuaded me in making many of my judgments. I come across at least six or seven Talk Shows within an hour. Talk Shows in the world of television, have undoubtedly taken up almost every inch of space on daytime television, and while doing so have caused much controversy. I am fond of watching reality television shows because I can get some knowledge from the show. We can get some news from the shows. So now, many young people prefer to watch and enjoy reality television shows. Different viewers have different reasons why they do so, and there lays the underlying effects of watching. Watching these reality shows has effects on the viewers and the society in general. It may be positive to some audiences, but it also has many negatively, depends on how one views. Unfortunately, this is also why reality shows have a negative impact on the audience because they think, act, and feel, like the shows stars, and in the process loses their own sense of thinking and real emotions towards certain situations. Reality television shows and their effects on society are also dependent on the viewers desires and motives, they see themselves in these stars and somehow these stars are living their lives through the show. Like power or influence, travel and living, survi val, beauty and satisfaction, revenge and honor, etc. More people are enjoy a certain sense of pleasure and satisfaction when they watch these reality television shows and their effects on society are continuously mirrored in the way they interact with others, deal various situations, and face certain challenges. The one must be keen in absorbs the messages of these shows and everyone must remember that each individual handle scenarios, problems, dilemmas, are differently. What makes it worse than the way it is affects people now is that people get entertained by the sadness, depression, frustration, and emptiness that reality stars feel and experience in the show. Reality television shows have become so ingrained that many people cant have enough reality television news. At the site, it is not only will we have all of the reality television news you want, but we will tell you about reality television casting calls and reality television auditions that are coming up. I simply cannot think of any excuse for such actions pointing out that others are willing to watch such event does not relieve them of the responsibility for having orchestrated the events and willed the reactions in the first place. The mere fact that they want others to experience humiliation, embarrassment, and or suffering is itself unethical; actually going forward with it is even worse. A major boost in self confidence is advantage of reality shows, like someone join the reality television shows, he can learn something from the shows and improve himself on the reality television shows. The overwhelming majority of critics, however, view reality TV as a poison so lethal to TV and the public that it is destroying TV. Austin Cline, an about.com guide, questions the ethics of reality TV and even goes so far as to say much reality television shows is achieve significant popularity but it also says that does not mean that they are good for society or that they should be aired. Is it really damaging to TV and the youth in general? On the contrary, reality TV serves many beneficial purposes to not only the public, but amazingly also the TV industry. It is hard to believe that shows that have paved the way for teens and something to deal with and overcome problems of emotional, physical and psychological natures are labeled as part of the genre that serves no value. Reality television shows are not documentaries. People are not put into situations simply to see how they are react the situations are heavily contrived, they are altered in order to make things of they are interesting and large amounts of footage are heavily edited into what the shows producers think will result in the best entertainment value for viewers. Entertainment, of course, often comes from conflict. Conflict will be created where none exists. If the reality television show cannot incite conflict during the filming, it can be created in how pieces of footage are stitched together. I like Fear factor this reality television shows because it is a stimulating shows. I like this kind of shows and watches someone is test their level of daring. I hope this kind of reality television shows can continue to play. Success is due to ones hard work I required to do the assignment question 2 and choose the one answer success is due to ones hard work or inspiration and relate the answer of I have choose. I will choose the answer of the success is due to ones hard work. Ive read a lot of prescriptions for success, but these days you dont hear much about hard work. Its certainly a factor, but is it really the preeminent qualification for success? I really believe it is. Innovation doesnt happen without hard work. Producing a great product or service doesnt happen without hard work. Real leadership happens in the trenches, not on the golf course. Software doesnt get produced without thousands of hours of hard work. Of course, you have to be smart, you have to have the right strategy, and you have to have a great culture. Every man wants success in life. He may be a farmer working in the fields. He may be a school teacher or an employee in an office and he may be a businessman or a politician. Hard work is an important factor in the success. Someone work to pay their mortgage, put gas in their car, to buy food, to pay for their tax, to pay for their utilities and once in a while for something special like a book or a trip. Someone also work to be able to afford luxuries like this computer and the Internet. Hardworking is more important than inspiration because you never know when the inspiration was coming. If you want to upgrade yourself, only one choice it is hard work. If someone hardworking then he is a half success. Every people hope for success but not every people can be hard work. However, as for thousands of years people in cognitive bias, hard-working gives a lot of psychological pressure. Many people are afraid of hard work, to avoid hard work, refused even to hard-working but some people also not afraid of hardship and fatigue and their endurance are strong. If someone are smart but never hardworking to work also cannot to be success. They are not voluntary, because they believe if can endure hardship then they can to be succeed in the future. People who hard work, often far away from wine, color, money, gas, greatly contribute to the physical and mental health. Hard work busy person, use their energy in learning and their work, there is no time to glance right and left, there is no time for sad and painful, there is no time to calculating others, far fewer troubles and suffering. Hard work not only for fitness, keep fit, it also to medical treatment, disease prevention. Hard work to study and can absorb all kinds of knowledge, so that we can do anything more with less. It has been proven that hard work leads you to success in your life but there are also other factors to be considered. We got many examples of people who are successful in this world. Obama was born in Africa and started his life as a lecturer and become the president of United States as we all know now, and this was possible because he work hard. In other words, if you want to be successful in life you should improve skills like good attitude and better organization skills. Good qualification can help us to be success. We should have a degree from a good university and that will give us a practical experience. Language is also very important. Someone is not good in language. Then also can learn English which will help us to get a better job and we can also learn other languages like Japanese that will give us more chances of getting a better job than others. Interpersonal skill is considered to be very important. We should be able to communicate with friends and family and also with our company workers. In general qualification gives us the basic knowledge we need in our life. It also depends on our hardworking. Then, we should have a good attitude. We should never lose hope and be positive, even if we have a position. You maybe not success now but later in life just like athletes who think he will succeed even after lose the match but succeed later in life. Be confident especially when you are starting a new work. If you have good attitude you have nothing to lose, because it give you a feeling of success. Of course, it also needs us to hard work. Organization skills also a very important point to be successful and without it that we will never be successful. Many employers are looking to hire people who are good at coordinating things like negotiating with others and efficiently managing meetings. Never start something without making a plan, especially when we are starting a new job or planning for our future studies or project. We have nothing to lose, even if we dont work we also can use our organization skills anywhere. Other people think that only hard work will lead to success in our life. However, the overwhelming evidence suggests the contrary, that hard work has nothing to do with success and is actually counterproductive. If hard work is supposed too produce success, then it would stand to reason that everyone who works hard would be successful. But that is far from the case. Most people who work hard never come close to being successful. In fact, most hard workers have a much higher incidence non-success than they have success. Like someone works all their lives cleaning buildings, moping floors, vacuuming carpet and sanitizing washrooms. They dont even get pay rise and have to work more hours. They success because maybe they are hardworking before. There are many reasons people should have these sets of skills like qualification, good attitude and better organization skills. Because we dont want to be left behind from others in our life and by having these sets of skills we have nothing to lose and we must hard work to rush our target. We will be more successful and will have more secure future. Conclusion I am enjoyed the process because two question is very attract for me just like question 2 because the question 2 is relate success is due to ones hard work or inspiration, explore this statement by agreeing the one of success factors stated. Then another question, question 1 is constant rise on the popularity of reality television shows. I already write some point to relate my views on such shows. I also use Fear Factor this reality television shows to be my example. This assignment let me benefited greatly, I very enjoy to do this assignment although I feel difficult before start the question but I can also settle the problem myself. I feel satisfaction to my assignment.

Small capital in Philippines Essay

This chapter consists of brief summary of articles, findings of the study that are related to the present study. It contains foreign and local literature, foreign and local studies. Local Literature According to Mishell M. Malabaguio of entrepreneur magazine Philippines, Small capital, easy set-up and a good chance of success are just some of the reason why Food Cart Business is thriving in the Philippines. If you will look at the market trend today, Food cart business is the choice of most aspiring entrepreneurs. A mobile food cart is a business where you can start on low capital ranging from P30,000 to a maximum of P300,000. But it could be a little lower though, depending on how you will put it up — by franchise or on your own. Some companies offer food cart franchise for as low as P10,000 per package that includes, the cart, product, uniform for the crew and training. Over the last few years, food service carts have sprouted all over the metro — from MRT and LRT station, malls, sidewalks, church, schools, markets etc. – name it and for sure, you’ll find a food cart there. Today, there are about 800 different food cart formats available in the market–pizza, waffle, fishball, siomai, rice toppings, and baked goodies, rice in a box, hotdog and a lot more.Industry estimates that more than P1 billion in sales are turned over every year from the food cart businesses. With this amount, no doubt that Food Cart is the hot business in the market. If you have a nice cart, then the next thing to consider is Location. Location plays a big part in the success of your food cart or in any business for that matter. You have to think of a good location where a person frequents and can see what you are selling. But not all places cramming with people is a good venue just like MRT and LRT station. Lastly, you have to match your good locati on with the right product at a good price.

Shadow Banking - Financial Report - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2675 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Level High school Did you like this example? Table of Contents Executive summary 1.Definition 2.Attraction. 3.Shadow banking in the world. 4.Effects 4.1 Financial system 4.1.1.Financial system definition 4.1.2.The impact of shadow banking on the financial system 4.2Stakeholder 4.2.1. Stakeholder definition 4.2.2. The impact of shadow banking on the stakeholders Executive summary Shadow Banking is a new financial glossary in recent years, but non-banking financial operations have occurred popular for a long time and in many countries. Shadow banking is mature with more than four decades of history in the U.S (industry practitioners of the Hong Kong Chapter of the Institute of Operational Risk and the students from RMBISA of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2014) After the global crisis in 2008-2009, shadow banking has caught the attention because many experts reckoned that is one of underground factors that will impact the global economy in the future without timely measure. This report provides information about shadow banking. Firstly is definition and overview of shadow banking in the . Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Shadow Banking Financial Report" essay for you Create order 1. Definition Shadow banking is known as a complex network of credit intermediation that provides service similar but outside the border of traditional commercial bank (FSB, 2011). The termà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  shadow bankingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ is attributed in a 2007 by economist Paul McCauley, who coined it at the Kansas City Federal Reserve Bank in Jackson Hole, Wyoming. Normally, the traditional bank is regulated by the Government to ensure solvency by deposit insurance scheme. If the bank is collapsed, the Government will bail out. In contrast, Shadow banking is non- financial institution that acts as a bank but it is not regulated by the Government and it takes the money from short-term and invests into the long-term asset by using of the credit derivatives to avoid the regulatory regime applicable to bank. Examples of shadow banking are hedge funds, insurance companies, crowd funding organizations, private equity firms, special purpose vehicles, and money market funds and others entities that h old financial asset .Financing activities of shadow banking are through investors, borrowing, or creating financial products, different from the traditional commercial bank, it does through deposits. 2. Attraction. Before, people borrow mainly money from the traditional bank. However, the functions of the traditional bank is collecting the money from depositors who has surplus money and lend to the public who are in need of capital so the amount of loans is limited with a lot of conditions, such as: payment maturities, interest, collateralsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Therefore, people are looking for others alternative lenders, it is when shadow banking starts coming into play. There are 3 factors of the shadow bankingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s attraction that shadow banking attracts people more than regulated banks. Firstly, shadow banking offers credit intermediation much greater efficiency and highly than the traditional banks do. Secondly, shadow banking system related with systematic risk and high return so shadow banking is an attraction choice for investor who is seeking high return. By investing in shadow banking, the investors can get a high net interest margin between the controlled and the blac k market rates. Lastly, on the borrowerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s point of view, shadow banking provides source of finance that borrower can easily get into the process and directly lend by the absence of the regulated bank must comply with. 3. Shadow banking in the world. Following the Financial Stability Board exercise, the shadow banking system has grew by leaps and bounds from $ 26 trillion in 2002 to $ 62 trillion in 2007, decreased to $59 trillion throughout the Great Depression then got back to $67 trillion in 2011.(FSB, 2012a). Based on the Financial Stability Boardà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s data, the United Kingdom with , The United States, The Euro Area have the biggest shadow banking system. (Exhibit 1) Exhibit 1: Broad Shadow Banking Measures Source: Financial Stability Board. https://www.financialstabilityboard.org/wp-content/uploads/r_131114.pdf?page_moved=1 Total shadow banking asset in The United States was valued $23 trillion, The United Kingdom was $ 9 trillion, The Euro Area was $ 22 trillion in 2011 and Japan was $ 4 trillion. Compare to 2005, the UK share of total non- bank financial intermediation for 20 jurisdiction and the Euro area raised from 9% to 13%, whereas the USà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s share decreased from 44% to 35%. (Exhibit 2) Exhibit 2: Share of assets of non- bank financial intermediaries Source: National flow of funds data As presented in figure 3 the size of traditional banking was growing until 2008, with the exception of a fall in 2005, and then it started to decrease. Besides, shadow bankingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s size was growing during the Great Depression period. Although it dropped in 2008 and 2011 but continued rising till 2013. Source: BBVA Research based on Financial Stability Board and International Monetary Fund Shadow banking has been growing speedily among developing market economies, for instance: China. Shadow banking sector of China has rapidly growth after the Great Depression and ranks as the third largest in the world. (Reuters,2014) . the share of Chinaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s shadow banking raised four time between the end of 2007 and 2013, pension funds and insurance companies grew more than 37 percent year-on-year in 2013 to just under $3 trillion, da ta released with the report showed, according to the Financial Stability Board. (FSB,2014) 4. Effects 4.1 Financial system 4.1.1.Financial system definition Financial system is the set of products and services, i.e. insurance, banks and monetary policies which provide by financial institutions and interaction market( pension funds, banks, pension funds, organized exchanges, and others companiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) There are multiple definitions of financial system based on different spheres ( organization, regional and international) that mobilize funds for investment and facilities commercial activity. Financial system plays an important role in the economy, if financial system does not function well, that negatively affected the economic growth. The financial system in the firm is the components of procedures, which consist of verification, recording, and timely reporting of transactions. Firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s financial system affects the financial activities of the organization. Regional financial system is the system that allows exchanging funds between lenders and borrowers. It comprises of financial markets, financial institu tions, and banks. The global financial system includes borrowers, investors, financial institutions such as World Bank, International Monetary Funds, Central banks which is operating in the international economy. 4.1.2.The impact of shadow banking on the financial system 4.1.2.1. Positive effects Shadow banking system is a non-bank financial entity which plays two main functions as securitization à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" to create and distribute safe assets, and collateral intermediation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" to focus on reducing counterparty risks and assisting secured transactions. So Shadow banking can be seen as a type of regulatory arbitrage that is very beneficial part of financial system in all economics across the world. In developed economies such as : the United States, South Korea, the United Kingdom, Canada, Japan, Australia, Germany, France ,etc. , shadow banking system plays a risk transformation in the economic . In lower developed economies, shadow banking system performs a supplementary role to regulated- banking activities it helps to finance the need of borrowers with the financing conditions where the traditional banking are controlled with regulatory constraints . Shadow banking provides an alternative source of funding and liquidity for corporations and mark et participants by intermediating credit and boost economic activities. Typically shadow banking does not take deposits from customers, it collects funds from pension funds, insurance companies and ordinary savers to invest into securitization, therefore the source funds of shadow banking is flexibility that satisfy the demand of borrowers. Furthermore, shadow banking provides mobilize funds that means there are many lenders. It helps financial system to avoid probability bankrupts which is the reason of chaotic financial system. Securitization à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" based on intermediating credit, shadow banking has liability to reduce the transaction cost of operation and improve the stability of financial system. Take China as an example, all most of investors borrow the amount of money from shadows banking to invest into construction industry. By building houses, departments, shopping malls, shopping centers that created jobs and bolster the economy. Besides, the development of c onstruction industry is a motivation of the growth of steel production. Therefore, steel export of Australia also goes up. 4.1.2.2. Negative However the Financial Depression has highlighted the risk of shadow banking is systematic risk that affects greatly to financial system. Shadow banking does exist on its own; it is a network of interconnection and integration that includes: banks, financial institutions, market participants and subsidiaries. Additionally, shadow banking is lack of transparency that acts like traditional banks but outside the Governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s insurance, so if shadow banking collapse, it will not receive any assistance form the Government that can cause a domino effect across other financial institutions and margins, harming financial system. Shadow banking in China is the best example of domino effect. As the worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s most popular country with 1.357 billion in 2013, ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s one of the largest consumer purchase power in the world. Furthermore, China is the largest trading partner in the world. It became the largest exporter over the world in 2013 with primary products such as: electrical, computers and data processing equipment, optical and medical equipment as well as apparel, fabric and textiles.(FSB,2013) China is a main member in world commodity market and deep trade connections with Western markets and one of the main holders of U.S. debt .That means the economic growth of China plays a significant role in world economy development. When the economics of China is unstable, it sends shockwaves through the financial markets of developing economies and has an effect on the growth of global. These investorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ especially foreign investors which have invested in China suffered vast losses in (Thomson Reuters, 2014) because they cannot take the money back. 4.2Stakeholder 4.2.1. Stakeholder definition Stakeholders are those who have an effect or may be affected by the business of shadow banking. They include primary stakeholders, secondary stakeholder and key stakeholders. Primary stakeholders are those who may be directly affected, either positively or negatively, by an effort or the actions of shadow banking institution. In some cases, there might be interest conflict inside primary stakeholders because a regulation that has positive effect on one group may have a negative effect on another. For examples: People or groups that are indirectly affected, either positively or negatively, by an effort or the actions of shadow banking are secondary stakeholders. Key stakeholders are those who are important to the operation or can have a positive or negative effect on an effort of shadow banking institution. The key stakeholders might be the director, the funder or line staff of the institution. Basically, stakeholders are every people in financial systems, for example: directors, cr editors, Government, employees, shareholders, suppliers. 4.2.2. The impact of shadow banking on the stakeholders 4.2.2.1. Positive effects Shadow banking provides the various types of loan with low cost for customers because it is unregulated. As we know, traditional bank only make a loan to borrower who are able to pay back the loan on time, so they are using 5Cs: capital, capacity, collateral, character and conditions to analyze the borrowerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s credit worthiness. It is very difficult for the individual customers who was bankruptcy before or lack of knowledge about finance to get finance from the bank. In addition, corporates also have difficulty in getting loan from traditional bank if they invest in a high risk project or require for a large amount of money that bank cannot serve. As a result, shadow banking is their choice. They may go straight to the shadow banking to borrow the money through Repos market. Although the activities and functions of shadow banking and bank are separate, shadow banking still impacts on traditional banking. It provides well competition for regulated banks. Nowadays, more and more people choose shadow banking as the source to raise fund instead of regulated bank so traditional bank is losing their customer. Therefore, it motivates banks to renovate their strategies to attract more customers. Furthermore, shadow banking also support traditional bank. Sometimes traditional banking is restricted the limit of ability to serve the customers by the regulation of Government, when shadow banking will come into market and help the financial system to operate efficient by transferring risks outside of the traditional bank system. While shadow banking need support from traditional bank through liquidity to issue related structured products and asset-backed commercial paper to the market, traditional bank depends on the shadow banking for pledging a greater fraction of their portfolios than sensible regulation for example à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Shadow banking provide trust and entrusted loans, wealth management products and bankers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"acceptance b ills as an alternative source of funding to real estate developers and the government financing vehicles in order to build up properties and infrastructure, effectively generating GDP. Moreover, with the help of fund from shadow banking, more projects are satisfied so that it creates more jobs for the community and reduce the unemployment rate. 4.2.2.2. Negative effects Although shadow banking have a lot of benefit, they also bring negative to the stakeholder. The extension of shadow banking creates bubble markets, such as: the commodities market, the stock market, the real estate market. It is the main reason cause the Financial Crisis 2007-2008 that affect strongly to stakeholders in many ways. Many companies collapsed so a lot of employees lost jobs and customers cut off spending. Besides, Government have to provide out aid loan to save and boot economic and it is limit in controlling the cash flow in the country. Rather, lack of transparency and clarity in activities act as an impediment to the effective conduction of monetary policy. 4.3 Recommendation Although the shadow banking has had negative impacts of human and global economy during the world economic crisis, but nobody can deny the benefits of shadow banking. Shadow banking helps the global financial system to work better by creating abundant source of loans for all sectors of th e economy. Additionally shadow banks also support traditional banks to provide debts to stabilize the economy in each country in the world. In my personal opinion, the shadow banking will continue promote its ability to support the economy if the Government limits the lack of transparency in its operations by creating a competitive environment where both shadow banking and traditional bank can compete with each otherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. However, shadow banking have to sign a contract with the Government. They have the right to operate with the policy on their own without the bank license, but they have the obligation to provide information and balance sheet when the Government requires because the risk forecast is too high. After the governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s investigation, if the risk of causing financial crisis was low and removed, shadow banking can continues to operate. Otherwise, shadow banking has to stop immediately when the request of the Government is issued. By this wa y, shadow banking is still unregulated and Government can predict the risk in the financial system to Conclusion References FRB: SpeechTarullo, Shadow Banking and Systemic Risk RegulationNovember 22, 2013. 2015. FRB: SpeechTarullo, Shadow Banking and Systemic Risk RegulationNovember 22, 2013. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/tarullo20131122a.htm. [Accessed 01 April 2015]. Shadow banking and the economy | VOX, CEPRà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Policy Portal. 2015. Shadow banking and the economy | VOX, CEPRà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Policy Portal. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.voxeu.org/article/shadow-banking-and-economy. [Accessed 28 March 2015]. The Effects of the Global Financial Crisis on Chinas Financial Market and Macroeconomy. 2015. The Effects of the Global Financial Crisis on Chinas Financial Market and Macroeconomy. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecri/2012/961694/. [Accessed 05 March 2015]. Reserve Bank of India. 2015. Reserve Bank of India. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/BS_SpeechesView.aspx?Id=911. [Accessed 02 April 2015]. Shadow Banking in India General Knowledge Today. 2015. Shadow Banking in India General Knowledge Today. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.gktoday.in/shadow-banking/. [Accessed 08 April 2015]. . 2015. . [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.bis.org/review/r130204g.pdf. [Accessed 04 April 2015] 2015. . [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.financialstabilityboard.org/wp-content/uploads/r_111027a.pdf?page_moved=1. [Accessed 20 March 2015]. RiskMinds Asia Conference Risk Management Banking Event RiskMinds Asia Blog. 2015. RiskMinds Asia Conference Risk Management Banking Event RiskMinds Asia Blog. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.riskmindsasia.com/blog/Risk-Minds-Asia-Conference/tag/id/Chinese-Shadow-Banking. [Accessed 25 March 2015]. Chinas shadow banking sector growing rapidly, third-largest in world | Asian Legal Business. 2015. Chinas shadow banking sector growing rapidly, third-largest in world | Asian Legal Business. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.legalbusinessonline.com/news-analysis/chinas-shadow-banking-sector-growing-rapidly-third-largest-world/67325. [Accessed 01 March 2015]. 2015. . [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.financialstabilityboard.org/wp-content/uploads/r_131114.pdf?page_moved=1. [Accessed 03 April 2015]. 1

What Is Cohesion in Composition

In writing, cohesion is the use of repetition,  pronouns, transitional expressions, and other devices called cohesive clues to guide readers and show how the parts of a composition relate to one other. Writer and editor  Roy Peter Clark makes a distinction between  coherence  and cohesion in Writing Tools: 50 Essential Strategies for Every Writer as being between the sentence and text level by saying that when the big parts fit, we call that good feeling coherence; when sentences connect we call it cohesion. In other words, cohesion involves the way  ideas and relationships are communicated to readers, notes the  Writing Center  at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst.​ Sticking Text Together In the simplest terms, cohesion is the process of linking and connecting sentences together through a variety of linguistic and semantic ties, which can be broken into three types of semantic relationships: immediate, mediated, and remote ties. In each case, cohesion is the relationship between two elements in written or oral text where the two elements may be clauses, words, or phrases. In immediate ties, the two elements that are linked occur in adjacent sentences, as in: Cory idolized Troye Sivan. He also loves to sing. In this example, Cory is mentioned by name in the first sentence and then conveyed in the second sentence through the use of the pronoun he, which renames Cory. On the other hand, mediated ties occur through a link in an intervening sentence, such as: Hailey enjoys horseback riding. She attends lessons in the fall. She gets better every year. In this example,  the pronoun she is used as a cohesion device to tie the name and subject Hailey through all three sentences. Finally, if two cohesive elements occur in nonadjacent sentences, they create a remote tie wherein the middle sentence of a paragraph or group of sentences might have nothing to do with the subject of the first or third, but cohesive elements inform or remind the reader of the third sentence of the firsts subject. Cohesion vs. Coherence Although cohesion and coherence were considered to be the same thing until around the mid-1970s, the two have since been differentiated by M.A.K. Halliday and Ruqaiya Hasans 1973 Cohesion in English, which says the two should be separated to better understand the finer nuances of the lexical and grammatical usage of both. As Irwin Weiser put it in his article Linguistics, cohesion is now understood to be a textual quality, which can be attained through grammatical and lexical elements used within and between sentences to give readers a better understanding of context. On the other hand, says Weiser: Coherence refers to the overall consistency of a discourse—purpose, voice, content, style, form, and so on—and is in part determined by readers perceptions of texts, dependent not only on linguistic and contextual information but also on readers abilities to draw upon other kinds of knowledge. Halliday and Hasan go on to clarify that cohesion occurs when the interpretation of one element is dependent on that of another, wherein one presupposes the other, in the sense that it cannot be effectively decoded except by recourse to it. This makes the concept of cohesion a semantic notion, wherein all meaning is derived from the text and its arrangement. Making Writing Clear In  composition, coherence refers to the meaningful  connections that readers or listeners perceive in a  written or oral text, often called  linguistic  or discourse coherence, and can occur on either the local or global level, depending on the  audience  and writer. Coherence is directly increased by the amount of guidance a writer provides to the reader, either through context clues or through direct use of transitional phrases to direct the reader through an argument or narrative. Cohesion, by contrast, is a way  to make writing  more coherent when readers are able to make connections across sentences and paragraphs, says the Writing Center at UMass, adding: On the sentence level, this can include when the last few words of one set up information that appears in the first few words of the next. That’s what gives us our experience of flow. In other words, cohesion is the semantic tool you use to make your writing more coherent.